1 Samuel 30:23

Authorized King James Version

Then said David, Ye shall not do so, my brethren, with that which the LORD hath given us, who hath preserved us, and delivered the company that came against us into our hand.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
Then said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
דָּוִ֔ד
David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#3
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#4
תַעֲשׂ֥וּ
Ye shall not do so
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#5
כֵ֖ן
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#6
אֶחָ֑י
my brethren
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#7
אֵ֠ת
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#8
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#9
וַיִּתֵּ֗ן
hath given
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#10
יְהוָ֥ה
with that which the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
לָ֙נוּ֙
H0
#12
וַיִּשְׁמֹ֣ר
us who hath preserved
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
#13
אֹתָ֔נוּ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#14
וַיִּתֵּ֗ן
hath given
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#15
אֶֽת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#16
הַגְּד֛וּד
the company
a crowd (especially of soldiers)
#17
הַבָּ֥א
that came
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#18
עָלֵ֖ינוּ
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#19
בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃
against us into our hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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